General Addiction · Substance Addiction
This report reads your DNA and sorts every result into one of five plain-language groups, so you can see at a glance what deserves attention and what does not. Nothing here is a diagnosis. A flagged result means your genetics place you above or below the average person for that trait — a reason to ask a question, not a reason to worry.
Addictions — Addictions are complex conditions that involve a compulsive need to engage in certain behaviors or consume substances, despite negative consequences. While environmental factors, stress, and life experiences contribute to the development of addictions, genetics also plays a
These are ordered by how closely they relate to your flagged results — not generic health advice. Marrow does not prescribe, dose, or tell you to take anything. Diet and lifestyle changes are listed first because they are yours to make. Anything you would swallow is listed separately, by name only, as something to raise with a clinician who knows your history and your medications.
Schedule and attend regular sessions with a licensed psychotherapist, typically once a week for 50-60 minutes, TA over a period of several months to years depending on your individual needs and progress.
Attend a support group meeting related to your condition at least once a week.
Practice yoga for at least 20 to 30 minutes a day, most days of the week.
TA seated position, close your eyes, focus on your breathing, and observe your thoughts and sensations without judgment.
TA focus on your breath, observing thoughts and sensations without judgment.
Participate in art therapy sessions, which can include activities such as painting, sculpting, or drawing, for 1-2 TA hours per week.
TA guided sessions for beginners or those unfamiliar with the poses.
Use a diffuser to disperse the scent into your room TA for 30-60 minutes at a time, up to 3 times a day.
Practice deep breathing exercises for 10 minutes daily, preferably in a quiet space where you won't be disturbed.
Practice this technique at every meal and with snacks to improve digestion and satiety.
Choose a class led by a certified Iyengar yoga TA instructor to ensure proper guidance and technique adherence.
These came up in the research behind your flagged results. They are listed by name so you can ask about them. Marrow is not recommending them, and gives no dose. Supplements interact with prescription medication and with each other — that conversation belongs with your clinician.
Of the 5 results in this package, these 1 came back furthest from the population average. Each one below explains what it is, where you sit, and which report it came from. Start here.
Key Takeaways: About 50% of the differences in people's chances of developing tobacco addiction may be due to genetics.
Other risk factors include age, parents and peers who use tobacco, other substance use, mental health issues like depression or PTSD.
About 8% of people in the U.S. aged 12 and older have a nicotine dependence.
The remaining results, grouped by what they mean. Every one of these is explained in full — with the genes and variants behind it — in the technical version of this report.
Genetics is a predisposition, not a verdict. The single most useful thing you can do with this document is take it to a clinician and talk through the flagged findings — especially any that line up with symptoms you already have or conditions that run in your family. Nothing here changes: your DNA is the same at 60 as it is today, so this report does not expire.
Genotyping was performed on DNA extracted from a buccal (cheek) swab using a genome-wide array. Results are derived from peer-reviewed genome-wide association data and, where applicable, published clinical guidelines. Each report was scored independently against its own reference set. Percentile figures describe where your result sits relative to a reference population.
This is a laboratory-developed test. It has not been cleared or approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Genotyping does not detect all variants in the genes assessed; the absence of a flagged result does not exclude risk. Predisposition is probabilistic and is modified by environment, lifestyle, ancestry and family history. Results must be interpreted by a qualified healthcare professional and must not be used alone to diagnose, treat, or alter any medication regimen. Marrow does not recommend, prescribe, or dose any supplement or medication.
| Performing laboratory | Gene by Gene, Ltd. |
| Laboratory address | 1445 North Loop West, Suite 760, Houston, TX 77008 |
| CLIA certification | CLIA #45D1102202 |
| CAP accreditation | CAP #7212851 · accredited through 7 October 2027 |
| Laboratory Director | Feng Zhou, PhD, MB(ASCP) |
| Specimen type | Buccal (cheek) swab — genomic DNA |
| Accession | MRW-26-A64B38 |
| Date reported | 29 July 2026 |
This specimen was tested at Gene by Gene, Ltd., 1445 North Loop West, Suite 760, Houston, TX 77008, under CLIA #45D1102202 and CAP #7212851. Laboratory Director: Feng Zhou, PhD, MB(ASCP). Marrow Health is not a clinical laboratory and does not perform testing; Marrow prepares and delivers this report from data produced by the performing laboratory named above. Report generated 29 July 2026 · Accession MRW-26-A64B38 · © 2026 Marrow Health.